146. LRU缓存机制

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/lru-cache/

运用你所掌握的数据结构,设计和实现一个  LRU (最近最少使用) 缓存机制。它应该支持以下操作: 获取数据 get 和 写入数据 put 。

获取数据 get(key) - 如果密钥 (key) 存在于缓存中,则获取密钥的值(总是正数),否则返回 -1。 写入数据 put(key, value) - 如果密钥不存在,则写入其数据值。当缓存容量达到上限时,它应该在写入新数据之前删除最久未使用的数据值,从而为新的数据值留出空间。

进阶:

你是否可以在 O(1) 时间复杂度内完成这两种操作?

示例:

LRUCache cache = new LRUCache( 2 /* 缓存容量 */ );

cache.put(1, 1);
cache.put(2, 2);
cache.get(1);       // 返回  1
cache.put(3, 3);    // 该操作会使得密钥 2 作废
cache.get(2);       // 返回 -1 (未找到)
cache.put(4, 4);    // 该操作会使得密钥 1 作废
cache.get(1);       // 返回 -1 (未找到)
cache.get(3);       // 返回  3
cache.get(4);       // 返回  4
class ListNode(object):

    def __init__(self, key, value):
        self.key = key
        self.val = value
        self.pre = None
        self.next = None


class LinkedList(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.head = ListNode(0, 0)
        self.tail = ListNode(0, 0)
        self.head.next = self.tail
        self.head.pre = self.tail
        self.tail.pre = self.head
        self.tail.next = self.head
        self.size = 0

    def add_first(self, node):
        node.next = self.head.next
        node.pre = self.head
        self.head.next.pre = node
        self.head.next = node

        self.size += 1

    def remove(self, node):
        node.pre.next = node.next
        node.next.pre = node.pre
        node.next = None
        node.pre = None

        self.size -= 1

    def get_last(self):
        if self.head == self.tail:
            return
        return self.tail.pre

class LRUCache(object):

    def __init__(self, capacity):
        """
        :type capacity: int
        """
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.linkedlist = LinkedList()
        self.cache = {}

    def get(self, key):
        """
        :type key: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        if key not in self.cache:
            return -1

        val = self.cache[key].val
        self.put(key, val)
        return val

    def put(self, key, value):
        """
        :type key: int
        :type value: int
        :rtype: None
        """
        node = ListNode(key, value)
        if key in self.cache:
            self.linkedlist.remove(self.cache[key])
            self.linkedlist.add_first(node)
            self.cache[key] = node
        else:
            if self.capacity == self.linkedlist.size:
                last = self.linkedlist.get_last()
                if last:
                    self.linkedlist.remove(last)
                    self.cache.pop(last.key)

            self.linkedlist.add_first(node)
            self.cache[key] =  node



# Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = LRUCache(capacity)
# param_1 = obj.get(key)
# obj.put(key,value)